PAUT is an advanced method of ultrasonic testing that has applications in medical imaging and industrial testing. When applied to metals the PAUT image shows a slice view that may reveal defects hidden inside a structure or weld. Phased array uses an array of elements, all individually wired, pulsed and time shifted. A typical user friendly computerized setup calculates the time delays from operator input, or uses a predefined file: test angle, focal distance, scan pattern and so forth. The technique also provides a combination of various scans in the same equipment set-up. B-Scan is a side view, Scan is a top view and the S-Scan is a cross-sectional view.
A PAUT transducer uses multiple elements during a scan. Beams are emitted sequentially at multiple angles allowing PAUT to create a more detailed scan. Other UT methods, on the other hand, use a single probe to analyze an asset. By emitting multiple beams, PAUT allows for the inspection of even the most complex assets.
Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) is an advanced automated computerized UT based NOT technique, used for in-service inspection of welds for heavy walled pressure vessels. TOFD system is capable to scan, store and evaluate flaw indications in terms of height, length and position with greater accuracy and is suitable for weld thickness ranging from13 mm to 300 mm.
Eddy current testing makes use of electromagnetic induction to detect and characterize surface and sub-surface flaws in conductive materials. In its simplest form, a coil of conductive wire is excited with an alternating electrical current. This wire coil produces an alternating magnetic field around itself. The magnetic field thus generated oscillates at the same frequency as the current running through the coil. When the coil approaches a conductive material, currents opposed to the ones in the coil are induced in the material according to Lenz’s Law. These are eddy currents.
Can detect surface and near-surface defects. The test probe does not need to make direct contact with the test part. Method can be used for more than flaw detection. Minimal part preparation is required.
Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is a magnetic method of non-destructive testing that is used to detect corrosion, pitting and wall loss in steel structures. Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is commonly used for inspecting tank floors in the petrochemical industry.